Along with Juan Garcia del Rio, Bello published Biblioteca Americana in and El Repertorio Americano in , two influential journals that also featured Bello's work, which included poetry, scientific investigations, philosophy, translations, and literary criticism.
Throughout his time in London, which was characterized by his study, writing, and diplomatic duties, Bello longed to return to South America. In , he and his family left London for Chile, where he was named the undersecretary of the Ministry of the Interior. His skill and experience as an editor was again put to work in the publication of the newspaper El Araucano for which he was principal editor from to He continued to be very active in government, serving as a senator of the Republic from to He was instrumental in founding the University of Chile in His diplomatic skills were again called upon in , when he served as an arbiter between Ecuador and the United States.
His long and esteemed political and literary career came to a close October 15, , when he died at the age of 84 in Santiago, Chile, after a prolonged illness. Major Works Bello's work has been compiled into two large collections and between his poetry, essays, philosophy, grammar, legislation, and criticism, there is much for Bello scholars to consider.
Among the unifying themes in all of his work are his philosophy of americanismo, or celebrating and enlightening Latin American peoples, his concern for a unified grammar, his belief in the regulation of social life to ward against the dissolution of city life amid unchecked vice, and his literary interest in combining both Classic and Romantic schools of thought. He published the first lines of the poem in the first issue of the journal Biblioteca Americana in July , and the remaining lines in the second and final volume of that same journal.
This poem can be considered in two sections divided by style; a Georgic section and an Epic section. In the Georgic lines, the poet invites the Goddess of Poetry to the new world, enticing her with descriptions of its lush natural beauty and vast potential. The Goddess is then asked if she would rather hear of the heroics of those who valiantly died in the wars for independence from Colonial Spain. The Epic section remains focused on the experience of war and those who fought for an end to colonial tyranny.
Following the natural and political history of Latin America, it first portrays rich images of the fertility of the torrid zone's climate. The abundance and easy way of life are celebrated, and the land is represented as providing everything the indigenous people need to live healthy lives. Then the Spaniards arrive, and place the indigenous people into servitude, which while restrictive was nevertheless idyllic, because the land still provided for simple and easy living.
The poem then demonstrates how European consumption soon overtaxed both the land and the people, and the relationship became one of master and slave. New York: Cambridge University Press, The author has gathered source materials from 23 archives and special collections located in 6 nations. He also has consulted most of the relevant specialized secondary materials. The result is a fascinating account that traces Bello's life chronologically, starting with his youth as a student and novice colonial bureaucrat in Venezuela, then proceeding to his years as a young diplomat and scholar in London, and finally to [End Page ] Chile, where the mature Bello applied himself to the task of nation-building in a variety of ways.
The depiction of Bello's Venezuelan youth shows clearly the germinal traits of the man that would emerge later in England and Chile. After a brilliant career at the University of Caracas, the young Bello wrote poetry, edited a newspaper, and began study of the evolution of the Spanish language. He soon accepted an office in the captaincy general of Venezuela and served under three colonial governors. Though the diplomatic mission accomplished little, Bello stayed on in England for 19 years, where he married and had a family.
In spite of having to endure penury, he managed to publish many articles in three Spanish-language journals and to maintain contact with a variety of prominent British and Hispanic intellectuals. Bello viewed the historical breakup of the Roman empire as similar to the disintegration of the Spanish empire.
Hence, Bello concluded, lessons for the new Hispanic nations were to be found in the Cid. It was a determined advocate of purity and property of the Spanish language and yet hosted the popular twists in so far as these do not collide with the traditional terms in use.
It also gave him time to practice the poetic creation, which showed a strong neoclassical influence. The reverses of the emancipation movement and his new family responsibility was placed in a difficult economic situation which could overcome in part thanks to the teaching of latin and French, languages who had studied with dedication. Despite its economic woes, his intellectual activity was intense in those years: related to writers and thinkers, studied Greek, worked in journalism and revised documents of different types.
There appeared his articles and poems under the generic title of Silvas Americanas, address to the poetry - fragments of a poem about America - and the famous ode "Agriculture of the torrid zone".
From his new position, Bello began a fruitful intellectual, cultural and political work that would leave deep footprints in the country. Also published several works of jurisprudence and international law. Excels his grammar of the Castilian language , which earned him to be appointed to corresponding of the Spanish language Academy, and its archeology and metric, the two most original works that have been made in our language on this subject.
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